Moreover, Türkiye has been targeting Kurdish militia inside Syria and deployed ground troops in northern Syria, leading to a military occupation of part of northern Syria. Türkiye is also involved in the non-international armed conflict against the Islamic State group.Without the consent of the Syrian government, an international coalition led by the United States initiated airstrikes against the Islamic State group and al-Qaeda affiliates in a spill over from the conflict against these groups in Iraq. There are also parallel non-international armed conflicts due to the infighting between various armed groups, such as the Syrian National Army, the Islamic State group, Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham, Ahrar al-Sham, the Syrian Democratic Forces and other Islamist groups, such as Al-Qaeda and Hezbollah. Supported by Shia militias, Hezbollah, Russia, and the Wagner Group, the Syrian government is involved in non-international armed conflicts against a wide array of rebel groups, namely the Syrian National Army (SNA) (former Free Syrian Army, FSA), Ahrar al-Sham, the Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham (former al-Nusra front), the Islamic State group, and the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF, Kurdish militia). There are multiple and overlapping non-international armed conflicts taking place in Syria.
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